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Weather and Climate Bulgaria’s climate is temperate, with Mediterranean-like conditions on the Black Sea coast but more continental further west, subject to icy blasts from Russia. Summers are warm, although it is cooler in the mountains, with cold and snowy winters. Bulgaria is situated in the southern part of the temperate climatic zone of Europe. The territory of the country is subject to the influence of the Atlantic Ocean from the west, and to the influence of the continental part of Central and Eastern Europe from the north-west and the north-east. The climate of Bulgaria is generally defined as temperate continental with well-expressed transition to the south of Stara Planina (Balkan). In the southernmost regions of the country the influence of the Mediterranean is felt. The influence of the Black Sea is localised along a narrow strip (10 - 30 km) in Eastern Bulgaria. In the mountainous regions at an altitude above 1000 m a mountainous climatic zone is differentiated with relatively low temperatures, heavy rainfall and continuous snow retention. The average annual temperature of the air in Bulgaria is 10.5 C. The lowest reading, -38.3 C, was taken in Trun in 1947, the highest, +45.2 C, in Sadovo in 1916. The average January temperature is around O°C. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 30°C. Winds vary in direction and velocity, relatively constant being the north-west and the west. These cause warming up in spring and bring rainfall in summer, often accompanied by thunder. Comparatively frequent is the north-east wind bringing dry continental air masses - cold in winter and hot in summer. The average annual rainfall range is between 450 - 1300 mm, the larger quantity falling over Western Bulgaria and the high mountains. The heaviest rains fall in May and June, but in the high mountains the precipitation is in winter. The snow cover lasts 10 days along the Black Sea coast, but more than 200 days in the high mountains. Additional parameters: Ultraviolet spectrum: 280-315 nanometers Air humidity: 70 – 82 %; Water salinity: 18g/kg. Sun radiation: up to 1.4 J/cm2 per minute
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